*PROJECT AUTHORS Barry Conn (NSW) & Kipiro Damas (LAE).<br>
Guide to trees of Papua New Guinea

 *PROJECT COPYRIGHT Copyright held by the authors, National Herbarium of New South Wales, and Papua 
New Guinea National Herbarium

 *PROJECT DESCRIPTION Interactive Keys to the Common Trees of Papua New Guinea
Acknowledgements: The authors thank Robert Kiapranis, Michael Lovave, Thomas Magun & Roy Banka (all 
LAE); Vidiro Gei & Debra Wright (WCS, Goroka); Lyn Craven (CANB).



 *CHARACTER NAMES 
  #1. family
  #2. group
  #3. timber tree <yes/no>
  #4. timber groups <hardwoods, or not>
  #5. tradename <forestry/timber name>
  #6. habit
  #7. trunk <bole shape in section>
  #8. trunk <bole shape straight, or not>
  #9. buttresses <present/absent>
  #10. spines <present/absent>
  #11. spines <location>
  #12. aerial roots <present/absent>
  #13. stilt roots <present/absent>
  #14. bark <outer - colour use only for trees greater than 50 cm dbh>
  #15. bark <continuity-rough or smooth>
  #16. bark <texture>
  #17. bark lenticels (pustules) <shape>
  #18. bark subrhytidome <colour>
  #19. bark <thickness (mm)>
  #20. bark <thickness measurement (mm)>
  #21. bark blaze <layering>
  #22. bark blaze <aromatic or not - use only for trees greater than 50 cm dbh>
  #23. bark blaze <aromatic type>
  #24. bark outer blaze <colour>
  #25. bark outer blaze <markings or not>
  #26. bark outer blaze <texture>
  #27. bark inner blaze <colour>
  #28. bark inner blaze <markings or not>
  #29. bark inner blaze <texture>
  #30. bark exudate (sap) <present or absent>
  #31. bark exudate (sap) <colour>
  #32. bark exudate (sap) <abundant or not>
  #33. bark exudate (sap) <changing colour on exposure to air, or not>
  #34. bark exudate (sap) colour <when changed after exposure to air>
  #35. bark exudate (sap) <sticky or not>
  #36. terminal buds <enclosed by leaves or not>
  #37. complex hairs <need 10X lens - present or absent>
  #38. complex hairs <need 10X lens - type>
  #39. stinging hairs <urticating hairs>
  #40. mature twig indumentum (hairs) <present or absent>
  #41. mature twig indumentum (hairs) <density>
  #42. leaves <position on branchlet>
  #43. leaves <insertion/arrangement>
  #44. leaves <per whorl>
  #45. leaves <simple or compound>
  #46. petiole <present or absent>
  #47. petiole <winged or not>
  #48. petiole <attachment to blade>
  #49. petiole <swollen at either end, or not>
  #50. leaves <lamina shape type>
  #51. leaves <lamina length (cm)>
  #52. leaves <lamina width (cm)>
  #53. leaves <symmetry at base>
  #54. leaves <margin toothed, or not>
  #55. leaves <dissected/lobed, or not>
  #56. leaves <dissection type>
  #57. leaves <shape of apex>
  #58. leaves <compound leaf form>
  #59. petiolule <of leaflet, swollen or not at either end>
  #60. rachis <present/absent>
  #61. rachis <winged or not>
  #62. rachis <swollen at either end, or not>
  #63. leaves <when compound - paripinnate or imparipinnate>
  #64. leaves <when compound - leaflet lamina shape type>
  #65. leaves <when compound - leaflet lamina length (cm)>
  #66. leaves <when compound - leaflet lamina width (cm)>
  #67. leaves <when compound - leaflets opposite or alternate>
  #68. leaves <when compound - leaflet symmetry, at base>
  #69. leaves <when compound - imparipinnate, terminal leaflet buds>
  #70. venation <layout of secondary veins on leaf/leaflet>
  #71. secondary veins <closed or open>
  #72. secondary veins <prominence>
  #73. intramarginal veins <present/absent>
  #74. leaves lower surface <colour>
  #75. leaves upper surface <colour>
  #76. leaves indumentum (hairs) <present/absent - on mature leaf or leaflet>
  #77. leaves indumentum (hairs) <indumentum density - on mature leaf or leaflet>
  #78. leaves <gland-dotted or not, often pellucid, apparent as numerous semi-transparent dots 
distributed across the leaf>
  #79. domatia <present/absent>
  #80. domatia <distribution>
  #81. stipules <or stipular scars present or absent>
  #82. stipules <freedom>
  #83. stipules <type - interpetiolar or lateral>
  #84. stipules <encircling the twig, or not>
  #85. stipules <form>
  #86. stipules <margin with fine hairs/fringed, or not>
  #87. stipules <size>
  #88. stipules <persistence>
  #89. arrangement of flowers <position>
  #90. arrangement of flowers <axis absent, unbranched or branched?>
  #91. arrangement of flowers <cones/strobili present, or not>
  #92. flower sexuality <bisexual or unisexual>
  #93. flowers unisexual <male and female flowers - on the same, or different, plants>
  #94. flowers <stalked or not>
  #95. flowers <symmetry>
  #96. flowers <size length (mm)>
  #97. flowers <size diameter (mm)>
  #98. perianth <present or absent>
  #99. perianth <type>
  #100. perianth <colour, always inner most parts - next to stamens & ovary>
  #101. inner perianth parts <number visible, whether free or joined - if many then score as 
"100">
  #102. inner perianth parts <extent of joining>
  #103. stamens <number if there are a lot, enter "100">
  #104. stamens <filaments present or absent>
  #105. stamens <whether at least some are joined to each other or not>
  #106. stamens <adnate to perianth, or not>
  #107. ovary <gynoecium, position>
  #108. carpels <gynoecium, constitution>
  #109. locules <number>
  #110. styles <absent, single, or many and free>
  #111. styles <number of styles - if there are more than one>
  #112. arrangement of fruits <axis absent, unbranched or branched?>
  #113. arrangement of fruits < cones present, or not>
  #114. fruit <size length (mm)>
  #115. fruit <size diameter (mm)>
  #116. cone <size length (mm)>
  #117. cone <size diameter (mm)>
  #118. cone <colour>
  #119. fruit <colour>
  #120. fruit <surface spiny or not>
  #121. fruit <fleshy or not>
  #122. fruit <simple, aggregate or multiple>
  #123. fruit <dehiscent or indehiscent>
  #124. fruit dehiscence <type>
  #125. fruit indehiscence <type>
  #126. seeds <number per fruit. If many, then "100">
  #127. seeds <size length (mm)>
  #128. seeds < winged or not>
  #129. seed <shape, at least in section>
  #130. seed <size diameter/width (mm)>


 *MULTISTATE TYPES 1,1 2,1 3,1 4,1 6,1 7,1 8,1 9,1 10,1 11,1 12,1 13,1 14,1 15,1 16,1 17,1 18,1 
19,1 21,1 22,1 23,1 24,1 25,1 26,1 27,1 28,1 29,1 30,1 31,1 32,1 33,1 34,1 35,1 36,1 37,1 38,1 39,1 
40,1 41,3 42,1 43,1 45,1 46,1 47,1 48,1 49,1 50,1 53,1 54,1 55,1 56,1 57,1 58,1 59,1 60,1 61,1 62,1 
63,1 64,1 67,1 68,1 69,1 70,1 71,1 72,1 73,1 74,1 75,1 76,1 77,1 78,1 79,1 80,1 81,1 82,1 83,1 84,1 
85,1 86,1 87,1 88,1 89,1 90,1 91,1 92,1 93,1 94,1 95,1 97,1 98,1 99,1 100,1 102,1 104,1 105,1 106,1 
107,1 108,1 110,1 112,1 113,1 118,1 119,1 120,1 121,1 122,1 123,1 124,1 125,1 127,1 128,1 129,1 
130,1